Rucksack

A rucksack enables the user to carry provisions in an efficient manner by helping to prevent back and shoulder muscle strains and by reducing agility and balance problems. Ideally, about 80% of the load should be carried through the hips to the leg muscles and 20% should be carried by the shoulders.

There are three main types: external frame, internal frame and day packs..

• External Frame:
These are based on a ladder style of frame constructed using aluminium or plastic with hip belts, shoulder straps and chest compression straps attached to the frame to enable the frame to be securely attached onto the body. A pack bag is attached to the frame enabling items to be carried securely and dryly. Additional items such as sleeping bags, sleeping mats, etc can be strapped to the frame thus increasing its capacity and flexibility. Some external frame types have adjustments enabling the frame to be lengthened or shortened depending on the needs of the user. Make sure there is plenty of padding and adjustable strapping to prevent rubbing and uncomfortable hiking..
The external frame type are generally cheaper than the internal frame styles. They enable a more upright posture as the weight is carried higher up the back and they also allow many items to be carried both within the pack and attached to the frame.
• Internal Frame:
These use a variety of different materials such as aluminium, polyester or nylon, foam and carbon fibre to create a robust pack bag which is then attached to the hip belt and shoulder straps. The pack bag may be made up of one storage space area or it may be split into compartments. As with the external frame type these are usually adjustable enabling them to be fitted to different size hikers. Also, look for rucksacks with plenty of padding and adjustable strapping to prevent rubbing.
The internal frame rucksacks are generally more comfortable and can be worn for longer periods. However, they can be expensive and can cause perspiration as there isn't an air gap between the body and the pack bag. There are also fewer places to attach additional items to the side and so the capacity is less flexible.
• Day packs:
These styles don't usually have a frame and rely on well positioned straps and padding to help distribute the weight to the hips and legs. These are generally sufficient for lighter loads and for shorter distances.




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